En este articulo me centro en las referencias de Maimónides al alma, fundamentalmente en los escritos médicos. El alma es un tema frecuente en las obras de medicina tanto por sus facultades, que definen funciones esenciales para la vida humana, como por las afecciones anímicas, pero se puede decir que Maimónides no trata el asunto de una manera convencional. Además de reflejar en estos escritos el hecho de que no es sólo médico sino también filósofo y un hombre de religión, (...) lo más peculiar son sus convicciones personales acerca de la prevención, y cura de las enfermedades mentales. (shrink)

The aim of the present research was to assess elite student-athletes’ perception of the dual career during the lockdown caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, compared with a group of elite student-athletes who could develop their dual career under normal conditions. A total of 150 elite athletes who were also undergraduate or postgraduate students self-completed the “Perceptions of dual career student-athletes ” questionnaire. From them, 78 did it during the mandatory lockdown period due to the state of emergency caused (...) by COVID-19 and 72 completed it in the previous year to Rio 2016 Olympic Games. The COVID-19 group was found to spend a significantly higher number of hours per week studying, while no significant differences were observed between groups in any training time variable. Student-athletes of the COVID-19 group showed better perception of whether their sport career could help them cope with their academic career and better general perception of remote learning and the use of tasks and videoconferencing as learning support tools. A lower percentage of athletes of the COVID-19 group than of the control group wished to continue with their sport career once they finished their studies. To conclude, student-athletes of the COVID-19 group show adaptations with regard to the organization of their studies and the importance they give to them and to the services provided by dual-career programs, compared with student-athletes from an ordinary pre-Olympic year. In general, student-athletes’ perception of the dual career is very positive. (shrink)

This essay is a revision of ?Rudiments of an Ethics of News Reporting,?; which won honorable mention in the 1985 Carol Burnett/University of Hawaii/ AEJMC Prize for Student Papers on Journalism Ethics. It argues that news reporting suffers from a misplaced faith in individual autonomy, a faith that resists a sense of social duty on the basis of negative freedom; therefore, journalism stands in need of a moral theory that recognizes community and personhood as fundamental human characteristics essential to ethical (...) decision?making. (shrink)

Industrial shrimp farming has been promoted by international development and financial institutions in coastal indebted poor countries as a way to obtain foreign exchange earnings, reimburse external debt, and promote development. The promotion of the shrimp industry is a clear example of a more general trend of support of export-oriented primary products, consisting in monocultures of commodities, as opposed to the promotion of more diverse, traditional production directed to feed the local population. In general, it is assumed that export-oriented aquaculture (...) and agriculture, in a framework of liberalization policies, facilitates economic growth and this is associated with poverty reduction and the improvement of food security. However, it has been shown that the promotion of export-oriented production, mostly in the hands of big corporations, can have detrimental consequences for the livelihoods of local populations and the environment. As a result, international institutions, NGOs, and the industry aim to minimize these impacts by promoting sustainable export-oriented production. But some impacts may remain, since the main issue is the primary focus on international deregulated markets and the search for cheap primary products. To illustrate the relationships between the mainstream concept of development, the environmental and social impact of industrial farming systems, and the promotion of export-oriented production in developing countries, this article analyzes the case of the shrimp aquaculture industry. (shrink)

The standardization of the display of intimacy implies that transparency is normalized in the information society. Social practices are bringing the idea of emancipation to the technological field. This carries significant but unquestioned socio-political expectations that are associated with powerful cybercompanies. Byung-Chul Han treats these issues in his political texts. He argues that transparency is a neoliberal device which does not help solve the problems of citizenship, and it even involves a “depoliticization”. My intention is to carry out a critical (...) review of his texts, and highlight their convergences with other authors dedicated to the philosophy of technology. (shrink)

Este ensayo se propone mirar el escenario teatral "culto" del teatro independiente y el escenario del teatro comunitario argentino en su articulación con la crisis/rebelión del 2001. Mientras el primero exhibe la desintegración y devaluación social del momento, en el teatro comunitario aparece más bien la recomposición de los lazos sociales y la resistencia política tanto desde su organización como en algunas de sus escenas. Con teatralidades muy distintas, las dos escenas son respuestas al momento histórico-político. El primero se limita (...) a exponer el problema, el segundo busca el mantenimiento de la vida y de la resistencia en comunidad. El ensayo propone que la diferencia se podría deber a que el escenario "culto" se aferra a la filosofía posmoderna en boga y a sus tesis devaluadoras del lenguaje, la narración y el futuro de la historia. (shrink)

Meat?eating as a human practice has been under ethical attack from philosophers such as Peter Singer and Tom Regan on both utilitarian and deontological grounds. An organicist ethic, on the other hand, recognizes that all life other than the primary producers, the plants, must feed on life. This essay affirms, with many environmental ethicists, the moralconsiderability of biota other than the human, but denies that this enlargement of the moral community beyond Homo sapiens necessarily precludes our eating of meat. First, (...) absolute deontological arguments against meat?eating are disputed, then utilitarian?hedonistic arguments are shown not to be sufficient to require ethical vegetarianism. Both sorts of arguments have strengths, however, that set us on guard against current abuses in the meat?raising and slaughtering industries. If the principle of ?due respect? for beings with different degrees of intrinsic value is honored, then moderate meat?eating under reformed social practices can be seen as licit. Two final problems then require investigation: the problem of dietary justice for poor humans and the problem of ?speciesism?. Dealing with the latter requires discussion of cannibalism and the ethics of humans being eaten by still higher ?aliens? (shrink)

El presente trabajo busca puntuar algunas características y usos políticos de la noción de sentido común desde el pensamiento de Michel Foucault. A partir de una breve comparación con la perspectiva gramsciana del sentido común, se intenta especialmente atender a dos cuestiones: por un lado, qué estatuto epistémico se le da al conocimiento general presente en la vida cotidiana y, por otro, qué vínculo respecto a él se sostiene, o bien bajo la figura del “intelectual orgánico”, o bien el estilo (...) foucaulteano del “intelectual específico”. Desde allí, se intenta situar alcances y limitaciones de la noción desde una perspectiva foucaulteana. (shrink)

Based on evidence that learning new characters through handwriting leads to better recognition than learning through typing, some authors proposed that the graphic motor plans acquired through handwriting contribute to recognition. More recently two alternative explanations have been put forward. First, the advantage of handwriting could be due to the perceptual variability that it provides during learning. Second, a recent study suggests that detailed visual analysis might be the source of the advantage of handwriting over typing. Indeed, in that study, (...) handwriting and composition –a method requiring a detailed visual analysis but no specific graphomotor activity– led to equivalent recognition accuracy, both higher than typing. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the contribution of detailed visual analysis is observed in preschool children and to test the variability hypothesis. To that purpose, three groups of preschool children learned new symbols either by handwriting, typing, or composition. After learning, children performed first a four-alternative recognition task and then a categorization task. The same pattern of results as the one observed in adults emerged in the four-alternative recognition task, confirming the importance of the detailed visual analysis in letter-like shape learning. In addition, results failed to reveal any difference across learning methods in the categorization task. The latter results provide no evidence for the variability hypothesis which would predict better categorization after handwriting than after typing or composition. (shrink)

El presente trabajo trata de hacer una defensa de una particular versión de positivismo jurídico excluyente como teoría que mejor describe el derecho y sus referencias a la moral. Aunque se reivindica la tesis de las fuentes como la tesis iuspositivista por excelencia, el quid de la defensa se asienta sobre un análisis de los diferentes tipos y conceptos de moral que se consideran relevantes a la hora de la identificación del derecho. La posibilidad del error en el descubrimiento de (...) la moral objetiva deja campo abierto para entender que el derecho no puede quedar determinado por otra cosa que no sean hechos sociales. (shrink)

The dropout rate among Spanish university students is very high compared to the European mean, creating a pressing need for the introduction of policies and programmes aimed at increasing rates of persistence. In this article, we study this problem by combining students? perceived learning outcomes with their dropout intentions, and we propose a research model that considers subjective factors that might impact this decision. The model is estimated for two degree courses: Business Administration and Nursing. The estimation method uses structural (...) equations based on the partial least squares algorithm. This allows the construction of indices for the variables of interest, enabling us to make comparisons between courses and over time. To reduce dropout intentions, efforts need to be focused on obtaining better cognitive outcomes, as well as on achieving a higher level of student satisfaction with their university experience. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo hablar de ciencia útil en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, expresó un vínculo orgánico entre determinadas ciencias y las prioridades del gobierno. La geografía, la botánica, la química, la medicina y, especialmente, la historia natural, proveían información sobre los recursos disponibles para la reorganización económica del imperio español. Aquellos científicos criollos que se dedicaron a las ciencias útiles terminaron siendo promotores de reformas que presentaron ante el tribunal de (...) la opinión pública, en una forma de debate colectivo, como sucedió con el Semanario del Nuevo Reyno de Granada. (shrink)

Mass media ethics and the classical liberal ideal of the autonomous individual are historically linked and professionally dominant--yet the authors of this work feel this is intrinsically flawed. They show how recent research in philosophy and social science--together with a longer tradition in theological inquiry--insist that community, mutuality, and relationship are fundamental to a full concept of personhood. The authors argue that "persons-in-community" provides a more defensible grounding for journalists' professional moral decision-making in crucial areas such as truthtelling, privacy, organizational (...) culture, and balanced coverage. With numerous examples drawn from life as well as from theory, this book will interest journalists, editors, and professionals in media management as well as students and scholars of media ethics, reporting, and media law. (shrink)

La aparición y difusión pandémica del virus SARS-CoV-2 ha evidenciado que el sistema tecnocientífico de investigación, desarrollo, innovación y difusión presenta problemas de previsibilidad, de gestión de riesgos y un alto nivel de incertidumbre. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de producción, gestión y difusión del conocimiento centrándose en los modos y medios tecnocientíficos y sociales de información y comunicación científica sobre la COVID-19. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha realizado un análisis de los déficits del modelo tecnocientífico de producción (...) y gestión del conocimiento durante la crisis de la COVID-19. En segundo lugar, se ha estudiado el tratamiento y difusión de información en los nuevos modos de información y comunicación social donde se ha generado una circunstancia de infoxicación. En tercer lugar, para evaluar si está teniendo lugar una efectiva comunicación y discusión entre las comunidades científicas, se ha realizado un estudio bibliométrico a partir de los datos de la Web of Science sobre la publicación de resultados de investigación desde 2020 en relación con el virus, su enfermedad y tratamiento. (shrink)

L’objet de cet article est de se demander comment les assistantes sociales de l’entre-deux-guerres envisagent les enjeux de la relation de care qui les lie aux usagers des services sociaux. Les assistantes ont en effet un rôle double : prendre soin des familles populaires mais aussi les surveiller et les contrôler. Comment concilient-elles ces impératifs paradoxaux en cherchant la « bonne distance » avec leur public? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous tournons vers les archives de la formation professionnelle. (...) En effet, les écoles de service social contribuent à définir les attentes de la relation de care et à établir le cadre dans lequel prennent place ces interactions. Nous nous penchons dans un premier temps sur le discours de la vocation chez les postulantes au métier d’assistante, puis sur la manière dont la formation professionnelle régule ces aspirations. Nous concluons sur la force de la notion de care, qui permet de penser l’imbrication entre rapports de domination et bienveillance envers autrui. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se muestra cómo la "inteligencia sentiente", en sus elementos "noológicos", adquiere cierto carácter "técnico" primario y constitutivo que se despliega en el logos y en la razón de manera individual, social e histórica. En la aprehensión primordial de la realidad se juega la viabilidad misma del hombre en su estar siendo en el mundo como animal humano, donde lo "técnico" juega un papel relevante. En los elementos noológicos primarios de la aprehensión primordial se hallan los cimientos de los que (...) surge la "técnica", que no es entonces elemento accesorio, sino parte constitutiva del hacerse cargo de la realidad. ABSTRACT The paper shows how "sentient intelligence", in its noological elements, acquires a certain primary and constitutive "technological" character that is deployed individually, socially, and historically in logos and reason. The very viability of man's being in the world as a human animal is at stake in the primordial apprehension of reality, and the "technological" plays a relevant role here. It is in the primary noological elements of primordial apprehension that we find the bases for the emergence of "technology", which would then be not an accessory element, but a constitutive part of taking charge of reality. (shrink)

Se muestra cómo la “inteligencia sentiente”, en sus elementos “noológicos”, adquiere cierto carácter “técnico” primario y constitutivo que se despliega en el logos y en la razón de manera individual, social e histórica. En la aprehensión primordial de la realidad se juega la viabilidad misma del hombre en su estar siendo en el mundo como animal humano, donde lo “técnico” juega un papel relevante. En los elementos noológicos primarios de la aprehensión primordial se hallan los cimientos de los que surge (...) la “técnica”, que no es entonces elemento accesorio, sino parte constitutiva del hacerse cargo de la realidad. (shrink)

This text links from the biographical and intimate of Nietzsche to the deepest of his thought of the eternal return, because it is the only way to understand this thought of eternal return. And for this, certain of Nietzsche’s biographical milestones are discussed in the light of the work Thus Spoke Zarathustra and its link to Lou Salomé. We look at how Lou Salomé lies behind the mythical figure of Ariadne as the bearer of the ring of return; that is, (...) through the feminine, Nietzsche shows us how the eternal return operates to free us from the chains of modernity. (shrink)